When you think of allergies, spring probably comes to mind—trees blooming, pollen swirling and tissues piling up. But itchy eyes, runny noses and sneezing fits don’t always end with spring. For many people, fall is just as miserable.
What causes allergies in the fall?
According to Aneysa Sane, MD, a Carilion Clinic allergist and immunologist, pollen is usually the culprit. Even as the leaves turn and the air cools, certain plants release pollen that can stir up allergy symptoms.
The most common seasonal triggers include:
- Spring: Tree pollen
- Summer: Grass pollen
- Fall: Weed pollen (ragweed is a big one!)
Why fall allergies hit hard
Ragweed is everywhere, and just one plant can produce millions of pollen grains. These tiny grains can travel for miles on the wind, making them hard to avoid—even if there’s no ragweed in your yard.
On top of that, mold spores also increase in the fall thanks to damp leaves and soil, which can make symptoms worse. That means a double whammy for allergy sufferers.
What helps fall allergies?
Since it’s tough to dodge pollen completely, treatment often comes down to managing symptoms:
- Antihistamines like loratadine (Claritin), fexofenadine (Allegra) or cetirizine (Zyrtec) help with sneezing, itching and post-nasal drip
- Nasal steroid sprays like fluticasone (Flonase) or triamcinolone (Nasacort) reduce swelling and congestion when used regularly
- Saline rinses can help wash pollen out of your nose and keep nasal passages moist
- Showering and changing clothes after being outside can cut down on pollen exposure indoors
“For those who have congestion, we recommend combining an antihistamine with a nasal steroid spray,” says Dr. Sane. “Both are available over the counter.”
When it’s not just seasonal allergies
If you’re still struggling in the winter, something else may be to blame. “It could be related to pet dander or mold issues in an indoor environment,” says Dr. Sane.
Allergy testing can identify specific triggers so you know what to avoid. Once you know what’s bothering you—whether it’s ragweed, mold or your cat—you can make small changes that add up to big relief.
Stay ahead of your allergies
You can check daily pollen and mold counts through the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology. On days when counts are high, close your windows, run the AC or a HEPA filter, and save outdoor time for later in the day when pollen levels tend to drop.
If you’re unsure what’s causing your symptoms—or your medications aren’t enough—talk with your family doctor or allergist.
