What Are NSAIDs?
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are a type of pain medicine. Some of the most popular over-the-counter painkillers like ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin), aspirin (Bayer) and naproxen (Aleve) are all NSAIDs. People use them to treat everything from headaches and back pain to fevers and period cramps.
Even though NSAIDs are effective and easy to get, they can have serious side effects—especially if taken too often or for long periods. One of the biggest concerns is how they can affect your kidneys.
How do NSAIDs Impact Your Kidneys?
NSAIDs work by blocking your body’s production of prostaglandins. These are lipids that can cause inflammation and pain—but they also help keep blood flowing to your kidneys. That means when you take NSAIDs it can reduce blood flow to your kidneys and potentially cause damage.
“If you're healthy and just need to take a dose of ibuprofen now and then for a headache or muscle pain, you’re probably in the clear,” explains John Epling, MD, a Carilion Clinic family physician. “The risk to your kidneys comes when you use NSAIDs regularly or in high doses.”
Long-term NSAID use can slowly reduce kidney function and may even lead to kidney disease. Some people are at higher risk for kidney damage and should be extra cautious. This includes those who:
- Already have kidney problems
- Are over age 60
- Have high blood pressure
- Have diabetes
Signs of Kidney Problems
Kidney damage can sneak up on you because it doesn’t always cause symptoms right away. But there are some warning signs to watch out for, especially if you’ve been taking NSAIDs for a while:
- Less frequent urination: If you notice you're not urinating as much, it could mean your kidneys aren’t working like they should.
- Swelling: This might show up in your legs, ankles or feet because your body isn’t getting rid of excess fluids.
- Feeling tired or confused: This can happen when your kidneys can’t filter out toxins, and they start to build up in your body.
- High blood pressure: If your blood pressure suddenly spikes or becomes harder to control, it could be related to kidney issues.
If you’re dealing with any of these symptoms, it’s important to check in with your doctor—especially if you’re a regular NSAID user.
How to Protect Your Kidneys While Using NSAIDs
NSAIDs aren’t all bad—they can be a huge help when it comes to pain relief. But there are some steps you can take to protect your kidneys while taking this medication:
- Use the lowest dose for the shortest time: Only take NSAIDs when you really need them and stick to the lowest dose that works for you.
- Stay hydrated: Drink plenty of water. Dehydration can put extra stress on your kidneys.
- Watch out for other meds: Some drugs—like diuretics (water pills) or blood pressure medicine—can increase the risk of kidney problems when combined with NSAIDs. Talk to your doctor about your medications.
- Keep tabs on your kidney health: If you need to take NSAIDs regularly, it’s a good idea to get your kidneys checked once in a while, especially if you’re at higher risk for kidney problems.
Alternatives to NSAIDs
If NSAIDs aren’t the best option for you, there are other ways to manage pain without putting your kidneys at risk:
- Acetaminophen (Tylenol): This can be a good alternative for pain relief without the same risk to the kidneys.
- Topical NSAIDs: Gels or creams that you apply directly to sore areas might help relieve pain without affecting your kidneys.
- Physical therapy: If you have chronic pain, sometimes lifestyle changes or physical therapy can help you manage pain without the need for daily medication.
- Non-drug options: Things like heat pads or massage can help relieve pain naturally.
Talk to your doctor if you have any concerns about your kidney health or NSAID use. They can help you choose the right pain management method and keep your kidneys in top shape.
