One second your child is fine, and the next they’re holding one arm close and refusing to use it. That sudden change can be scary, especially if it happens after a tug on their arm. But in many cases, the cause is nursemaid’s elbow, a common injury in young kids that can be fixed quickly by a doctor.
What is nursemaid’s elbow?
Sometimes called a “pulled elbow,” nursemaid’s elbow happens when the radius (one of the bones in the forearm) slips slightly out of place at the elbow joint.
“It’s most common in children under 5 years old,” says Cody Smith, MD, Carilion Clinic Pediatric Orthopaedic Surgery. “At that age, the ligaments around the elbow are still loose, which makes it easier for the bone to slip out of position.”
What causes nursemaid’s elbow?
Nursemaid’s elbow usually happens when a child’s arm is pulled suddenly. This can happen during normal, everyday activities, like:
- Picking up a child by their hands or wrists
- Swinging a child by the arms during play
- Quickly pulling a child’s arm to keep them from falling or away from danger
- A child pulling away while someone is holding their hand
Signs to watch for
A child with nursemaid’s elbow will usually:
- Stop using one arm
- Hold the arm slightly bent and close to their body
- Avoid turning their palm upward
- Cry or complain if their arm is moved
How is nursemaid’s elbow treated?
Treatment is usually very quick. A doctor can gently move the arm in a specific way that slides the bone back into place. “Most kids start using their arm again within minutes,” notes Dr. Smith.
X-rays usually aren’t needed unless the doctor suspects a broken bone.
Can it happen again?
Yes. Kids who have had nursemaid’s elbow once are more likely to get it again. The risk lowers once they’re about 5 or 6 years old, when the ligaments around the elbow get stronger.
How to help prevent nursemaid’s elbow
Accidents happen, but you can lower your child’s risk. Be sure to:
- Lift them under the arms instead of by their hands or wrists
- Avoid swinging them by their arms
When should you see a doctor?
Get your child checked out if they suddenly won’t use their arm or have severe pain, especially after it was pulled or tugged.
If symptoms are accompanied by fever, swelling, bruising, or the arm looks deformed, get medical care right away.
If you have questions or concerns, reach out to your child’s pediatrician.
