Measles is a viral illness that causes cold-like symptoms followed by a rash—and, sometimes, serious complications. It mostly affects kids but can also impact unvaccinated adults and those with weakened immune systems.
How is Measles Spread?
The virus spreads through tiny droplets in the air when an infected person coughs or sneezes. “It’s incredibly contagious. You can catch it just by being in the same room with someone who has it,” explains Thomas M. Kerkering, MD, chief of Infectious Disease at Carilion Clinic.
A person with measles can spread it to others up to 4 days before they show symptoms and for several days after the rash appears. The virus can also linger in the air or on surfaces for hours, making it easy to pick up.
Signs and Symptoms
The measles virus. Symptoms may show up 7 – 21 days after you’re exposed. Here’s what to watch for:
- Cold symptoms: Early signs include fever, cough, runny nose and conjunctivitis (red, watery eyes)
- Mouth Lesions: Tiny white spots inside the mouth
- Rash: A red, blotchy rash that starts on the face and spreads down the body, lasting about a week
- Possible complications: In some cases, measles can cause serious complications like pneumonia, encephalitis (brain swelling) and even death—especially in young kids, people who are unvaccinated and those with weak immune systems
How It’s Diagnosed and Treated
Doctors usually diagnose measles based on symptoms, especially the rash. If needed, lab tests like blood work or throat swabs can confirm it.
There’s no cure for measles, but you can manage symptoms by resting, staying hydrated and taking fever reducers like acetaminophen (Tylenol). In severe cases, hospital care may be needed.
How to Prevent Measles
The measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) vaccine is the best way to stay protected. It’s usually given to children in 2 doses—first at 12 – 15 months old and again at 4 – 6 years old.
Adults can also get the vaccination for the first time or as a booster dose. “If you don’t know your vaccination status or want to ensure your protection, it’s perfectly safe to get re-vaccinated,” says Dr. Kerkering. “Or, your physician may recommend a titer blood test to check for existing immunity.”
Why Does Vaccination Matter?
Getting yourself and your children vaccinated helps protect not just your family, but also people who can’t get the vaccine due to medical reasons. The more people who are immune the less chance the virus has to spread. That’s why doctors and public health officials stress the importance of staying up to date on shots.
If you’re experiencing symptoms or want to receive the vaccine, reach out to your primary care physician.
