What Is Anemia?
If you’re anemic it means you don’t have enough healthy red blood cells to carry oxygen throughout your body. In pregnancy, anemia is most often caused by iron deficiency.
During pregnancy, your body makes more blood to support your baby’s growth. This means you also need extra iron and other nutrients. “Iron deficiency in pregnancy is a very common issue but should not be overlooked! Women should work with their care team to ensure they get adequate treatment if needed during their pregnancy,” explains Juliana Peña, MD, Carilion Women’s.
If left untreated, anemia can lead to complications like:
- Preterm labor
- Increased blood loss during delivery
- Low birthweight
- Postpartum depression
- Developmental, cognitive and behavioral deficits in children of mothers with iron deficiency
Are You at Risk?
Anyone can have iron deficiency anemia in pregnancy, but you’re more likely to have this condition if you:
- Have 2 pregnancies close together
- Are pregnant with more than 1 baby
- Vomit often due to morning sickness
- Don’t consume enough iron-rich foods
- Have a heavy menstrual flow pre-pregnancy
- Have a history of anemia
Symptoms of Iron Deficiency Anemia
- Tiredness or weakness
- Headache
- Dizziness
- Pale or yellow-colored skin
- Shortness of breath
- Craving or chewing ice
- Rapid heartbeat
- Low blood pressure
- Brain fog or difficulty focusing
How Is It Treated?
Iron deficiency anemia is usually found during standard pregnancy screening bloodwork. If you’re taking a prenatal vitamin that has iron and still found to be iron deficient, your doctor may recommend an iron supplement. There are two forms: oral and IV.
- Oral Supplements: This is the most common treatment. You should take your iron supplement at least 30 minutes before a meal and avoid taking it with milk, calcium, antacids, high-fiber foods and caffeine. Some studies recommend taking iron with orange juice or a Vitamin C supplement to help improve absorption.
Oral iron supplements can cause stomach issues like diarrhea, constipation or nausea, so be on the lookout for side effects.
IV Supplements: This may be recommended if the oral iron is ineffective or causes side effects.
Foods That Help
The right diet can go a long way toward boosting your iron levels. Good sources of iron include beans, dried fruits, eggs, lean red meat, salmon, breads and cereals with extra iron, peas, tofu and dark green leafy vegetables.
Eating these foods with things rich in vitamin C can help your body absorb iron. Oranges (or orange juice!), strawberries and tomatoes are all good options.
If you’re pregnant and experiencing fatigue or other symptoms of anemia, reach out to your doctor. They can guide you toward the right solutions to help you feel your best.
