The holidays are a time for celebrating, gathering with loved ones, and, for some, enjoying a few drinks. But drinking more alcohol than usual can sometimes trigger a heart rhythm problem called holiday heart syndrome.
What is holiday heart syndrome?
Holiday heart syndrome is an irregular heartbeat, usually a type called atrial fibrillation (AFib), that happens after drinking too much alcohol in a short period. The condition gets its name because it’s common during periods like holidays and vacations when people may drink more alcohol than usual.
Although the abnormal rhythm may go away on its own, it shouldn't be ignored.
What causes holiday heart syndrome?
“Alcohol can interfere with the heart's electrical signals, making it more likely to beat irregularly,” explains Benjamin Mulkey, MD, Carilion Clinic Cardiology. “Drinking large amounts in a short period can also affect the body's fluid and electrolyte balance, which may contribute to heart rhythm problems.”
Holiday heart syndrome can affect people who have no known history of heart problems. Several things can increase your risk, including:
- Binge drinking: Consuming a large amount of alcohol at one time is a major trigger
- Dehydration: Not drinking enough water, especially while consuming alcohol, can put extra stress on your body
- Holiday meals: Salty meals and snacks can raise blood pressure and contribute to heart problems
- Lack of sleep: Late nights and disrupted sleep can affect heart rhythm
- Stress: Busy schedules, travel, and holiday pressures can take a toll on your body
- Other health conditions: High blood pressure, obesity, sleep apnea, and existing heart disease can increase your risk
These factors can overlap during the holidays, making it especially important to pay attention to how much you're drinking and how you're feeling.
What are the symptoms of holiday heart syndrome?
Symptoms can start during or a few hours after drinking and usually go away after 24 hours. Common symptoms include:
- A racing, pounding, or fluttering heartbeat
- A feeling that your heart is skipping beats
- Dizziness or lightheadedness
- Unusual fatigue or weakness
- Shortness of breath
- Chest discomfort
If you notice a new or persistent irregular heartbeat, talk to your doctor—even if it goes away or you otherwise feel OK.
Call 911 if you have chest pain or pressure, severe shortness of breath, fainting, or signs of a stroke, like sudden facial drooping, weakness on one side of the body, or difficulty speaking. Don't assume these symptoms are simply a hangover.
Is holiday heart syndrome dangerous?
It can be. Most episodes go away on their own without issue, but you should always let your doctor know if you experience symptoms.
“AFib can increase the risk of blood clots, stroke, and heart failure,” notes Dr. Mulkey. A doctor can help determine whether you need treatment to manage symptoms or reduce your risk of complications.
How is holiday heart syndrome treated?
Treatment depends on your symptoms, how long the irregular heartbeat has lasted, and your overall health. A doctor may perform an electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) to check your heart's electrical activity. Blood tests and other tests may also be needed. Treatment may include:
- Avoiding alcohol: Stopping alcohol consumption can help prevent further episodes
- Correcting dehydration or electrolyte imbalances: If these are contributing to the problem, a doctor can recommend appropriate treatment
- Medications: Some people need medication to control their heart rate or restore a normal rhythm
- Stroke prevention: People with AFib may need blood-thinning medication, depending on their individual risk factors
How can you prevent holiday heart syndrome?
The best way to avoid holiday heart syndrome is to avoid alcohol. If you choose to drink, limiting your intake can help reduce the risk. To take care of your heart during the holidays:
- Set limits: Avoid binge drinking, which generally means 4 or more drinks for women or 5 or more drinks for men within 2 hours
- Choose alcohol-free options: Sparkling juice, mocktails, and other nonalcoholic drinks can help you celebrate without the risks associated with alcohol (Tip: If you don’t want to skip alcohol altogether, alternate your drinks with a nonalcoholic option)
- Drink water regularly: Staying hydrated supports your overall health (and helps you feel better the next day!)
- Make heart-healthy food choices: Try to limit salt and balance rich meals with fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins
- Get enough sleep: Aim for a consistent sleep schedule, even when your calendar is full
- Make time to unwind: Take breaks from holiday preparations and find healthy ways to manage stress
- Know your risk factors: If you have high blood pressure, heart disease, or a history of AFib, talk with your doctor about alcohol and your heart health
If you experience a new irregular heartbeat or other symptoms that concern you, reach out to your primary care doctor.
