What is it?
Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) is an infection that’s most often caused by coxsackievirus. It mostly shows up in kids under 5, but older kids (and even adults!) can catch it too.
“It’s usually a mild illness, but it can still cause discomfort for a week or so, especially if it presents with its classic mouth sores and blistering skin rash,” notes Ryan Fulton, DO, section chief at Carilion Children’s Outpatient Pediatric Medicine.
It’s not the same as the foot-and-mouth disease that affects animals—that one doesn’t spread to people.
How do you catch hand, foot and mouth?
HFMD spreads easily, especially in places like daycares, schools or playgrounds. The virus can be passed through:
- Saliva (sneezes, coughs and kissing)
- Fluid from blisters
- Stool (from diaper changes or poor handwashing)
- Contaminated surfaces (toys, doorknobs or anything an infected person has touched)
Signs and symptoms
Signs of HFMD usually show up about 3 – 6 days after being exposed. You might notice:
- Fever (often the first sign)
- Sore throat
- Painful mouth sores that can make eating tough
- Rash with small red spots or blisters—often on the hands, feet, bottom, knees or elbows
“The rash can look different from case to case, and not everyone will have all the symptoms,” notes Dr. Fulton.
How long does hand, foot and mouth last?
Most people feel better in 7 – 10 days. Make sure not to pick at any blisters that form, which can spread the virus or make it harder for your skin to heal.
How is it treated?
There’s no quick cure for HFMD, but there are things you can do to make your child more comfortable while the virus runs its course:
- Reduce pain or fever: Give acetaminophen (Tylenol) or ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin)
- Soothe sore mouths: Offer soft, cold foods like popsicles, yogurt or smoothies (skip acidic or spicy foods—they might sting!)
- Make fluids a priority: Encourage lots of water or cold drinks to prevent dehydration
When to call the doctor
HFMD usually clears up on its own, but call your child’s doctor if:
- They’re not drinking enough or showing signs of dehydration (dry lips, fewer wet diapers, no tears when crying)
- Their symptoms are severe or not improving after a few days
- They have other health issues that weaken their immune system
How to stop the spread
HFMD spreads quickly, but you can lower the chances of it passing around:
- Wash hands often (especially after diaper changes and before meals)
- Wipe down toys, doorknobs and shared surfaces often
- Teach kids to cover their coughs and sneezes
- Keep sick kids home until their fever is gone
If you have questions or your child has concerning symptoms, reach out to your trusted pediatrician.
